The decision to grant a spouse visa can determine whether partners live together or remain apart across borders. That makes getting the process right critical. An incomplete or non-compliant application risks refusal and the loss of fees, whereas a well-prepared submission with clear supporting evidence helps UKVI reach a decision efficiently. Even after success, initial permission is time-limited: most applicants receive 33 months (if applying outside the UK) or 30 months (if applying in the UK) and must extend before expiry. After two periods of leave, many will qualify to apply for settlement, and later for British citizenship, subject to meeting the relevant rules.
Section A: How to Make a Spouse Visa Application
The pathway differs depending on whether you apply from overseas or from within the UK, but all applications begin on GOV.UK. You complete the online form, pay the application fee and Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS), and then prove your identity and enrol biometrics. You must also provide supporting documents in the specified format before or at the biometric stage.
1. Core online steps
Start on the official application portal, answer all sections truthfully, and pay the visa fee and IHS in full. After submission you will be directed to book biometrics or, where eligible, verify identity using the “UK Immigration: ID Check” smartphone app. Throughout, keep copies of the payment receipt and your application checklist; you will need these for your records and any appointment.
2. Applying from outside the UK (overseas)
Overseas applicants are redirected to a commercial partner site to arrange an appointment at a Visa Application Centre (VAC). You attend in person with your passport to provide fingerprints and a photograph. Most evidence can be uploaded in advance through the portal; if not, centres typically offer a paid scanning service. Appointment types and add-ons vary by location. Some centres sell optional services such as assisted document upload, walk-in slots, or the ability to retain your passport during processing for a fee.
3. Applying from inside the UK (in-country)
In-country applicants use UKVCAS to book a biometric appointment or, if the document chip is compatible, complete identity verification via the ID Check app and avoid attending a centre. UKVCAS sites offer standard and enhanced appointments and paid services like document scanning. Where available for your route and location, you may choose a faster decision service: Priority (aims for a decision within 5 working days in the UK) or Super Priority (aims for next-working-day after biometrics). Availability is limited, charged in addition to the visa fee, and timescales are not guaranteed if the case is not straightforward.
4. Document upload and format
Upload evidence under the correct categories exactly as listed on your personal document checklist. Use clear filenames and legible scans. If a centre is scanning for you, organise documents in the order of the checklist and separate bundles (for example, identity, relationship, finances, accommodation, English language). Avoid over-loading the record with irrelevant material, which can slow assessment. Accommodation must be adequate and not overcrowded under the Housing Act 1985 standards. If any evidence is not in English or Welsh, include a certified translation meeting Home Office specifications.
5. After you apply
Processing begins after you submit the online form and complete biometrics/ID verification. UKVI will email you the decision. Most applicants now receive a digital immigration status (eVisa). Create or sign in to your UKVI account to view and share your status with third parties when needed. If a physical vignette is issued to facilitate travel, follow the instructions provided about its validity window and any steps required on arrival.
Section summary: Every spouse visa application follows the same core sequence—online form, fees, identity/biometrics, and evidence—executed either via VAC (overseas) or UKVCAS/ID Check (in-country). Prepare decision-ready documents, use optional faster services only when the case is fully compliant, and expect to view status digitally via an eVisa/UKVI account.
Section B: How Much is a Spouse Visa Application?
Applying for a UK spouse visa involves several mandatory fees, and the total cost can be substantial. Understanding what you must pay—and when—is essential for budgeting and avoiding any delay caused by incomplete payments. The two key fees are the visa application fee and the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS), both of which must be paid online before submission. Optional add-ons such as priority processing or document assistance are charged separately.
1. Visa application fees
As of 2025, the Home Office charges the following fees for spouse visa applications under the family route. These amounts apply equally to the main applicant and any dependent children included in the application:
| Application type | Apply outside the UK | Apply inside the UK |
|---|---|---|
| Joining a partner or spouse | £1,938 | £1,321 |
| Each dependant (child) | £1,938 per person | £1,321 per person |
The visa fee is payable when completing the online form. It is non-refundable even if the application is refused or withdrawn. Applicants are advised to double-check eligibility and evidence before paying.
2. Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS)
Most applicants must also pay the Immigration Health Surcharge to access the National Health Service during their stay. The current IHS rates are:
| Length of stay | Adult (18 or over) | Child (under 18) |
|---|---|---|
| 2 years and 6 months (30 months) | £2,587.50 | £1,940 |
| 2 years and 9 months (33 months) | £3,105 | £2,328 |
| 5 years | £5,175 | £3,880 |
These charges must be paid in full at the time of application and are automatically calculated within the online system. Failure to complete payment will prevent the application from being submitted. The IHS covers access to NHS services but not certain prescriptions, dental treatment or optical care, which may still attract separate charges.
3. Optional priority services
Applicants may be able to pay an additional fee to receive a faster decision. Availability depends on the country and visa type. The current rates are:
- Priority Service (UK): £500 – aims for a decision within five working days of biometrics.
- Super Priority Service (UK): £1,000 – aims for a next-working-day decision after biometrics.
- Priority Service (outside UK): £500 – aims for a decision within 30 working days after biometrics.
While these services can significantly reduce waiting times, they do not guarantee success. A poorly prepared or incomplete application can still be refused, regardless of the service level purchased. Some countries or application centres may also offer local premium options such as walk-in slots or same-day passport return for an extra charge.
4. Additional costs
Beyond the mandatory Home Office fees, applicants may incur extra costs. Examples include:
- Translations of documents into English or Welsh by a certified translator
- Document scanning or courier services at a Visa Application Centre or UKVCAS site
- Medical testing such as tuberculosis (TB) screening where required
- Legal advice or representation
- Travel costs to attend biometric appointments
All payments made to the Home Office are non-refundable. Applicants should therefore verify the latest fees on GOV.UK before submission, as charges can change without notice following the annual immigration fee review.
Section summary: Spouse visa costs include the visa fee, Immigration Health Surcharge and, optionally, premium services. The standard fee is £1,938 if applying from abroad or £1,321 in-country. The IHS adds around £2,500 per adult for a 2.5-year visa. Priority and Super Priority services can speed up processing for additional fees but do not influence the decision outcome.
Section C: Spouse Visa Application Processing Times
Processing times for UK spouse visa applications can vary considerably. Factors such as the country of application, the complexity of the case, the quality of supporting evidence and overall Home Office workload can all affect how long it takes to receive a decision. Understanding typical timescales can help applicants plan realistically, particularly where travel, accommodation, or family commitments depend on visa approval.
1. Standard processing times
The Home Office publishes indicative decision times for partner and family visas, which are not legally binding but reflect service standards. Current averages (as of 2025) are as follows:
| Category | Processing time |
|---|---|
| Partner or spouse (meeting income and English language requirements) – in the UK | 8 weeks |
| Partner or spouse – outside the UK | 12 weeks |
| Partner or spouse – private life (no income or English requirement) – in the UK | No formal service standard (typically up to 12 months) |
| Parent route – in the UK | No formal service standard (typically up to 12 months) |
| Parent route – outside the UK | 12 weeks |
| Child route – in the UK | 8 weeks |
| Child route – outside the UK | 12 weeks |
The time limit begins once the applicant has both submitted the online form and completed their biometric enrolment or ID verification. It ends when UKVI issues its decision email or letter. Applicants should allow for courier or email delivery times when planning onward travel or accommodation.
2. What affects processing times
Delays can occur if the application is missing documents, contains inconsistencies, or requires further investigation into relationship evidence or finances. Applicants should check all documents meet the evidential standards set out in Appendix FM-SE before submission. Submitting clear, legible and logically arranged files under the correct categories reduces the risk of delay.
Other common factors influencing processing speed include:
- Volume of applications at the relevant Visa Application Centre or UKVI team
- Whether additional background or security checks are required
- Verification of overseas employment or income documentation
- Requests for further information or additional evidence from UKVI
- Technical issues with online uploads or biometric data
3. Priority and super priority services
Applicants who require faster decisions may be able to purchase a premium service. The Home Office currently offers two expedited processing options, subject to eligibility and location:
- Priority Service: aims for a decision within five working days (UK applications) or within 30 working days (applications made outside the UK) after biometric enrolment. Fee: £500.
- Super Priority Service: aims for a decision by the next working day after biometric enrolment. Fee: £1,000.
These services are optional and non-refundable. Availability can vary between countries and may be temporarily suspended during peak periods. Even if purchased, a faster decision cannot be guaranteed, particularly where additional checks are required or if the application raises complex issues.
4. After a decision is made
Once a decision has been issued, the applicant will receive an email or letter confirming the outcome. If the application is successful, the correspondence will explain the next steps. Most applicants now receive their status digitally through an eVisa, accessible by creating or logging into their UKVI account.
Those applying from outside the UK will receive a visa vignette in their passport valid for a short entry window (usually 90 days). After arriving in the UK, they must confirm their digital status by signing in to their UKVI account. Physical Biometric Residence Permits (BRPs) are being phased out and will no longer be issued routinely from 2025 onwards.
If the application is refused, the decision notice will set out the reasons for refusal and any rights of appeal or administrative review. Applicants who wish to challenge a refusal should act within the deadlines stated in the letter.
Section summary: Most spouse visa decisions are made within eight weeks in the UK or twelve weeks overseas. Delays arise mainly from incomplete or inconsistent documentation. Applicants can use paid Priority or Super Priority services for faster results, but these are not guaranteed. Successful applicants now receive their immigration status digitally through a UKVI eVisa account.
Section D: UK Spouse Visa Application Supporting Documents
Gathering the correct supporting evidence is one of the most important stages of preparing a spouse visa application. The Home Office requires documentary proof of every element of eligibility, including identity, relationship, accommodation, finances and English language ability. The precise list will depend on personal circumstances, but failing to provide the right documents—or submitting them in the wrong format—can lead to delays or refusal.
1. Core document checklist
The table below outlines the key categories of evidence generally required for spouse visa applications. Applicants should consult the individual checklist generated by their online form to confirm which documents apply in their case.
| Document | Description |
|---|---|
| Valid passport | The applicant’s current passport or travel document, with at least one blank page for the visa vignette. |
| UK partner’s passport | A copy of the British citizen or settled partner’s passport or proof of settled or pre-settled status. |
| Proof of relationship | Marriage or civil partnership certificate, plus evidence showing the relationship is genuine and ongoing (e.g. photos, joint bills, correspondence). |
| Accommodation evidence | Tenancy agreement, mortgage statement, property inspection report or letter from landlord confirming suitable accommodation that is not overcrowded under the Housing Act 1985. |
| Financial evidence | Payslips, bank statements and employer letters or, for self-employment, tax returns and accounts, proving the minimum income requirement is met. |
| English language evidence | SELT test certificate, degree taught in English, or proof of exemption. Required level: CEFR A1 for first spouse visa, A2 for extension, B1 (plus Life in the UK test) for settlement. |
| TB test certificate | Mandatory if applying from a country where tuberculosis screening is required. Valid for six months from the test date. |
| Proof of immigration status (if in the UK) | Evidence of current lawful status such as a visa, BRP, or eVisa record. |
| Children’s documents (if applicable) | Birth certificates, proof of parental responsibility, and evidence of dependency for each child included in the application. |
2. Relationship evidence
To satisfy the “genuine and subsisting” requirement under Appendix FM, couples must demonstrate that their marriage or partnership is real and ongoing. There is no exhaustive list of acceptable documents, but evidence should be varied, consistent, and cover the history and continuity of the relationship.
Recommended examples include:
- Joint financial commitments such as a shared tenancy, mortgage, or bank account
- Utility bills, council tax statements, or official correspondence addressed jointly
- Travel records and photographs showing time spent together
- Communication logs such as emails, call records, or messaging app screenshots
- Birth certificates of any children together
- Letters from friends or family supporting the authenticity of the relationship
Applicants living apart should show how they maintain contact and support one another, for example through financial transfers, shared expenses, or evidence of visits. Caseworkers are trained to identify inconsistencies, so all documents should be internally consistent and free of contradiction.
3. Financial and accommodation evidence
Financial documents must strictly comply with Appendix FM-SE. This means providing consecutive payslips and matching bank statements covering the correct timeframe, together with a letter from the employer confirming job title, length of employment and annual salary. Where self-employment income is used, include tax returns, business accounts, and an accountant’s letter verifying authenticity.
Accommodation documents must prove that the couple will live together in a home that is both adequate and not overcrowded. Caseworkers apply standards under Part X of the Housing Act 1985 when assessing adequacy. Acceptable evidence includes tenancy agreements, mortgage statements, or written confirmation from the homeowner granting permission for residence. If living with family or friends, a letter from the property owner and evidence of ownership or tenancy should be provided.
4. English language requirement
Applicants must demonstrate English language ability at the required level unless exempt. The minimum levels are:
- CEFR level A1 for an initial spouse visa application
- CEFR level A2 for an extension application after 30 months
- CEFR level B1 plus Life in the UK test for Indefinite Leave to Remain
Evidence may include an approved Secure English Language Test (SELT) from a Home Office-approved provider, a UK degree or recognised equivalent taught in English (verified through Ecctis), or documentation confirming exemption due to age, disability, or exceptional circumstances.
5. Organisation and translations
All documents should be clear, legible, and uploaded in the order listed on the online checklist. Where a document is not in English or Welsh, it must be accompanied by a certified translation containing the translator’s credentials, confirmation of accuracy, and date of translation. Applicants should keep digital copies of all submissions in case UKVI requests clarification.
Section summary: Strong documentation is the foundation of a successful spouse visa application. Evidence must be accurate, well-organised and comprehensive, covering every requirement under Appendix FM. The Home Office expects official proof of relationship, finances, accommodation and English proficiency. Clear presentation and full translations help prevent delays and refusals.
Section E: Submitting Supporting Documents
After assembling your evidence, the next step is to submit it correctly. The Home Office requires that all supporting documents are either uploaded to the online portal or scanned and uploaded at your biometric appointment. Incorrect submission or missing documents are among the most common reasons for delays or refusals, so it is vital to follow the prescribed process carefully.
1. Uploading documents online
Most applicants now use the self-upload option to provide supporting documents before their biometric appointment. When your online application is submitted, you will receive a personalised checklist identifying which documents are required. You can log back into your account to upload evidence as PDFs, images or scanned files until the day before your scheduled appointment.
Ensure each file is:
- Clear, readable and complete (no cropped corners or missing pages)
- Uploaded under the correct document category as listed on the checklist
- Named logically, such as “BankStatements_Jan-Jun2025.pdf” or “MarriageCertificate.pdf”
The system accepts common file formats, but large or high-resolution scans may fail to upload. Compress files where necessary, and confirm each has successfully uploaded before exiting your account. After uploading, retain copies of your confirmation page and any receipts for your records.
2. Using scanning assistance services
Applicants who prefer not to upload documents themselves can opt for the document scanning service available at Visa Application Centres (VACs) overseas or at UKVCAS service points in the UK. This is a paid, optional service. You should still organise your documents by category—identity, relationship, financial, accommodation and English language—and separate them into clearly labelled bundles to simplify scanning.
Staff at the centre will scan the documents for you, but they do not check for accuracy or completeness. It remains your responsibility to ensure every required document is included and legible. Some VACs offer translation, photocopying, or courier services for an additional charge.
3. Documents to bring to your appointment
If attending a biometric appointment, you must bring specific paperwork even if your supporting documents have already been uploaded. This includes:
- A printed copy of your appointment confirmation email
- Receipt for any premium services purchased
- The first page of your completed online application form
- Your personalised document checklist from GOV.UK
- A valid passport or travel document with at least one blank page on both sides
Failure to bring these items may result in your appointment being rescheduled or rejected. For applicants using the “UK Immigration: ID Check” app, these documents should still be kept on hand in case UKVI requests verification or additional information.
4. Translations and certification
Documents not in English or Welsh must be accompanied by a certified translation that includes:
- The translator’s name and signature
- Confirmation that the translation is accurate
- The date of translation
- The translator’s contact details and professional credentials
Translations should be combined with the original document in a single PDF or uploaded as adjacent files. For important documents such as birth certificates or degree qualifications, use a translator accredited by a recognised professional body.
5. Confirming receipt and monitoring your application
Once you have uploaded or submitted your supporting evidence and attended your biometric appointment, you will receive a submission confirmation email. This marks the point at which your application and evidence are passed to UKVI for processing. You can check the status of your application online using your UKVI account or, if applying from overseas, through the Visa Application Centre’s tracking service.
If UKVI requires further information or documents, they will contact you directly by email. Always monitor your inbox, including spam folders, and respond promptly to avoid delays or withdrawal of your application.
Section summary: Submitting your documents properly is as important as preparing them. Use the self-upload system wherever possible, label and organise files logically, and bring all mandatory paperwork to your appointment. Certified translations and prompt responses to UKVI requests help ensure a smooth and timely decision process.
Section F: How to Avoid UK Spouse Visa Application Delays
Delays in spouse visa applications can be extremely stressful, especially for couples who are separated or have travel or housing arrangements depending on the outcome. While some delays are unavoidable due to internal Home Office workloads, many can be prevented by ensuring that your application is accurate, complete and decision-ready from the outset. The following steps outline practical ways to minimise the risk of delay.
1. Submit a complete and consistent application
Incomplete or inconsistent information is one of the leading causes of delay. Every section of the online form should be fully and accurately completed, and the details provided must match those shown in your supporting documents. Common mistakes include mismatched passport numbers, inconsistent addresses, and incorrect employment start dates. Even minor discrepancies can trigger caseworker requests for clarification, extending the processing time by weeks or even months.
Before submission, double-check all answers, especially dates, passport details and financial figures. If your situation changes after submission, such as a new address or job, update UKVI immediately to prevent confusion or data mismatch.
2. Provide complete and relevant supporting evidence
UKVI expects to see specific types of documents in the correct format, as set out in Appendix FM-SE. Submitting the wrong evidence—or omitting essential proof—can slow processing and may result in refusal. Financial documents should clearly show income, account holder names, and transaction periods that match the application form. Bank statements must align exactly with payslips, and employer letters must confirm salary, job title and length of employment.
Equally important is the quality of the documentation. Illegible, incomplete or poorly scanned documents can lead to verification requests. Avoid sending large volumes of irrelevant material—such as hundreds of text messages or photos—as caseworkers must review everything uploaded, which can slow down the process.
3. Ensure financial evidence meets Appendix FM-SE
The financial requirement is one of the most common reasons for delay or refusal. Applicants must demonstrate they meet the income threshold using evidence that complies with Appendix FM-SE. Where relying on salaried employment, provide at least six months of consecutive payslips and corresponding bank statements. For variable income, such as self-employment or freelance work, provide twelve months of records and tax documentation.
All evidence must be original or official electronic copies, dated and signed where required. If using savings, make sure funds have been held in a regulated financial institution for at least six months before the application date. Any unexplained large deposits may be queried by UKVI, leading to additional scrutiny.
4. Meet the English language and accommodation requirements early
Prepare early for any English language tests or accommodation evidence. Tests must be taken with an approved Secure English Language Test (SELT) provider, and the certificate must still be valid when the application is decided. For accommodation, ensure your tenancy agreement, mortgage statement or property ownership documents are ready and demonstrate that the property is not overcrowded or in breach of housing standards.
If relying on a degree qualification to meet the language requirement, obtain confirmation from Ecctis (formerly UK NARIC) that your qualification is equivalent to a UK degree and was taught or researched in English. Leave adequate time for this verification process before applying.
5. Use priority services wisely
Paying for a faster service can help where timing is critical, but it is not a substitute for a well-prepared application. The Priority and Super Priority services aim to shorten processing time, not bypass requirements. Submitting an incomplete or unclear application under a premium route often results in refusal rather than a quicker outcome. Only use these services when all supporting evidence is complete and compliant with Appendix FM and FM-SE.
6. Respond promptly to UKVI correspondence
If the Home Office contacts you for additional information or clarification, respond as quickly as possible—ideally within the timeframe specified in the correspondence. Delays in responding can lead to the application being paused or even withdrawn. Keep a close eye on your email inbox (and spam folders) after submitting the application, as correspondence from UKVI is usually sent electronically.
7. Seek legal advice for complex cases
Applicants with unusual financial arrangements, previous refusals, or complex family circumstances should consider seeking legal advice before submitting their application. A professional immigration adviser can identify weaknesses, ensure evidence meets Home Office standards, and reduce the likelihood of avoidable delay. Expert assistance can also help prepare a clear covering letter summarising how the application satisfies the Immigration Rules.
Section summary: Spouse visa delays are most often caused by errors, missing evidence, or incomplete financial records. Double-check all details, ensure evidence aligns precisely with Appendix FM-SE, and use premium services only when your application is fully ready. Clear organisation, prompt responses and legal preparation for complex cases will significantly reduce the risk of extended waiting times.
Section G: UK Spouse Visa Requirements
To be granted a UK spouse visa, applicants must meet all the requirements set out under Appendix FM of the Immigration Rules. The Home Office will assess the relationship, financial, accommodation and English language criteria carefully. Each requirement must be fully evidenced, as failure to satisfy even one element can lead to refusal. The burden of proof rests entirely on the applicant to demonstrate eligibility under this route.
1. Relationship requirement
To qualify for a UK spouse visa, both the applicant and their partner must be aged 18 or over and legally married or in a civil partnership recognised in UK law. The sponsor must be a British citizen, someone with indefinite leave to remain or settled status, or a person with refugee or humanitarian protection status.
The relationship must also be “genuine and subsisting”, meaning that it is real and ongoing, not entered into for immigration purposes. Applicants must provide credible and consistent evidence showing they live together or intend to do so permanently in the UK. This goes beyond the marriage certificate: it requires proof of shared financial responsibilities, communication, and emotional commitment.
Examples of evidence include:
- Joint financial or property commitments such as a mortgage, tenancy, or bank account
- Utility bills or official correspondence addressed jointly
- Travel itineraries, tickets, and photographs showing time spent together
- Communication records such as messages, emails or call logs
- Birth certificates of any children together
- Letters of support from family or friends confirming the relationship
Where the couple has been living apart, applicants should demonstrate ongoing contact and visits. Inconsistent or contradictory information—such as conflicting addresses or unexplained gaps in contact—can raise doubts about authenticity.
2. Financial requirement
Most spouse visa applicants must satisfy the minimum income threshold, unless exempt under Appendix FM. The purpose is to ensure the couple can maintain themselves without recourse to public funds. The level of income required depends on when the application is made and, in some cases, whether dependent children are included.
Current income thresholds (as of 2025):
- Applications made on or after 11 April 2024: minimum income requirement of £29,000 per year, regardless of children.
- Extensions under the pre-11 April 2024 rules: minimum income requirement of £18,600, plus £3,800 for the first child and £2,400 for each additional child.
If the combined threshold for children exceeds £29,000, applicants only need to prove £29,000. This ensures that families applying under the old transitional rules are not penalised beyond the new flat rate threshold.
Acceptable income sources include:
- Salaried or non-salaried employment income from the UK-based partner
- Self-employment or company directorship income
- Non-employment income such as dividends, rental income or pensions
- Cash savings above the permitted threshold held for at least six months
- Certain state benefits or allowances where the sponsor is exempt from the income requirement
All financial evidence must comply with Appendix FM-SE, meaning it must be official, dated, and cover the specified time periods. Examples include six months of consecutive payslips and matching bank statements, a letter from the employer confirming salary and length of employment, or audited accounts for self-employed sponsors. Discrepancies or missing pages can result in refusal or a request for further information.
3. Accommodation requirement
The couple must show that they will have adequate accommodation in the UK which they own, rent or occupy exclusively without relying on public funds. The property must not be overcrowded and must comply with the standards under the Housing Act 1985. Acceptable evidence includes tenancy agreements, mortgage statements, or a letter from a family member granting permission to live in their property together, supported by proof of ownership or tenancy.
For applicants joining their spouse from abroad, it is important to provide clear evidence that suitable accommodation will be available immediately upon arrival. If the couple will initially stay with relatives, the letter of consent should state how long this arrangement will last and confirm that there is sufficient space in the home.
4. English language requirement
Applicants must demonstrate the ability to speak and understand English to a minimum standard set by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The required levels are:
- A1 – for an initial spouse visa application
- A2 – for an extension after 30 months
- B1 – for an Indefinite Leave to Remain application, alongside the Life in the UK Test
Evidence can include:
- A Secure English Language Test (SELT) pass certificate from an approved UKVI test centre
- A degree taught or researched in English and verified by Ecctis (formerly UK NARIC)
- Exemption documentation if aged 65 or over, suffering from a disability, or from an English-speaking country
5. Intention to live together permanently
Applicants must show that they and their partner intend to live together permanently in the UK. This can be evidenced through tenancy or property documents, employment offers, school enrolments for children, and correspondence addressed to both partners at the same future UK address. UKVI may question applications where couples have spent extended periods apart without adequate explanation or plans to reunite.
6. Full disclosure and prior relationships
Applicants must provide full disclosure of previous marriages, civil partnerships, or significant relationships. Divorce decrees, death certificates of former spouses, or custody orders for children must be provided where relevant. UKVI expects transparency—any failure to disclose prior relationships or dependent children can result in refusal for deception or non-disclosure.
Where children from a previous relationship are involved, the application must show who has parental responsibility and confirm the child’s living arrangements. If the applicant or sponsor does not have sole custody, additional consent letters or court orders may be required to demonstrate that bringing the child to the UK complies with immigration and family law requirements.
Section summary: The spouse visa route demands strict compliance with Appendix FM. Applicants must prove a genuine relationship, meet the financial threshold, have adequate accommodation, demonstrate English ability and intend to live together permanently. Evidence should be consistent, verifiable and fully transparent to prevent refusal or delay.
Section H: Need Assistance?
Applying for a UK spouse visa can be an intensive and technical process. Each stage — from meeting the eligibility criteria to compiling the correct documents — requires attention to detail and understanding of the Home Office’s expectations under Appendix FM and Appendix FM-SE. Even minor omissions or inconsistencies can lead to delays, refusals, or the loss of application fees. Given the emotional and financial importance of a spouse visa application, many couples choose to seek professional guidance to ensure their submission is as strong and compliant as possible.
Immigration advisers or solicitors regulated by the Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner (OISC) can assist by:
- Assessing whether the applicant and sponsor meet the relationship, financial, accommodation and English language requirements
- Advising on the most suitable timing and location for the application (in-country vs overseas)
- Checking that all documents meet the Home Office’s specifications and formatting rules
- Helping to prepare supporting statements and covering letters to strengthen the case
- Monitoring application progress and liaising with UKVI if further information is requested
Professional advice can be particularly valuable for complex cases, such as those involving previous refusals, self-employment income, blended families, or where the sponsor is a refugee or on humanitarian protection status. Legal support can also help identify whether any discretionary or exceptional circumstances apply that could support a successful outcome.
Once granted, a spouse visa is typically issued for 33 months if applied for from overseas, or 30 months if applied for in the UK. Visa holders will need to apply for an extension before their initial period expires if they wish to continue living in the UK with their partner. After five years of continuous residence under this route, and provided all requirements continue to be met, the visa holder can apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR). Following ILR, they may then be eligible to naturalise as a British citizen, subject to meeting the residence and good character requirements.
Applicants and sponsors should plan for the long term, keeping records of income, accommodation and relationship evidence throughout each visa stage to simplify the renewal and settlement processes later on. Consistent documentation and organisation across each stage can help avoid unnecessary complications or refusals down the line.
Section summary: Spouse visa applications are high-stakes and detailed, requiring strong supporting evidence and strict compliance with the Immigration Rules. Professional legal advice can help applicants meet every requirement and avoid costly mistakes. Those granted a spouse visa must prepare early for extension and settlement applications to maintain lawful residence and achieve long-term stability in the UK.
Section I: Spouse Visa Application FAQs
The following frequently asked questions address the most common issues and points of confusion surrounding UK spouse visa applications. They provide general guidance based on the Immigration Rules and current Home Office practice as of 2025.
1. What is a UK Spouse Visa?
A UK spouse visa allows the husband, wife or civil partner of a British citizen or a person settled in the UK to live and work in the UK. It falls under the family route in Appendix FM of the Immigration Rules. The visa typically leads to Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) after five years of continuous residence if the eligibility criteria continue to be met.
2. What is the current financial requirement for a spouse visa?
For new applications submitted on or after 11 April 2024, the minimum income requirement is £29,000 per year. This applies regardless of the number of dependent children. For applications made before that date or extensions under the transitional rules, the threshold remains £18,600, plus £3,800 for the first child and £2,400 for each additional child. The higher of the two thresholds applies where the applicant is moving between routes.
3. Can savings be used to meet the financial requirement?
Yes. Cash savings can be used either alone or in combination with income to meet the financial requirement. To qualify, the savings must be held in a regulated financial institution for at least six months prior to the application and must be under the control of the applicant or their partner. The standard formula allows applicants to count savings above £16,000 at a rate of £2.50 for every £1 of annual income shortfall, up to the required threshold.
4. How long is a UK spouse visa valid for?
If applying from outside the UK, the initial visa is granted for 33 months. If applying from within the UK, it is granted for 30 months. The visa must be extended before it expires. After two periods of leave under this route (usually five years in total), holders can apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR).
5. When can I apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR)?
You can apply for ILR after five years of continuous residence in the UK under the spouse visa route. You must still meet the relationship, financial and English language requirements at the time of applying, and you must have passed the Life in the UK Test.
6. Do I need to pass an English language test?
Most applicants must prove English language ability by passing a Secure English Language Test (SELT) at the required level (A1 for initial application, A2 for extension, and B1 for ILR). Exemptions apply to applicants aged 65 or over, those with a disability preventing them from meeting the requirement, or nationals of a majority English-speaking country.
7. Can I work in the UK on a spouse visa?
Yes. A UK spouse visa grants full permission to work and study in the UK without restriction. Holders can take employment, become self-employed or pursue education while residing lawfully under this route.
8. What documents do I need for a spouse visa application?
Applicants generally need to provide:
- Valid passports for both partners
- Marriage or civil partnership certificate
- Proof of genuine and subsisting relationship
- Evidence of meeting the financial requirement (payslips, bank statements, savings records)
- Proof of suitable accommodation
- English language evidence (test certificate or exemption proof)
- TB test certificate, if applicable
- Children’s birth certificates and custody documents, where relevant
9. How long does it take to process a spouse visa?
Standard processing times are approximately eight weeks for applications made within the UK and twelve weeks for applications made outside the UK. Applications made under the private life or parent routes within the UK do not have a service standard but are typically processed within twelve months. Priority and Super Priority services are available in some cases for faster decisions, subject to eligibility and availability.
10. What happens if my spouse visa application is refused?
If your application is refused, the Home Office will issue a decision letter explaining the reasons. You may have a right of appeal under human rights grounds, or you can choose to reapply once you have addressed the reasons for refusal. It is advisable to seek legal advice before submitting an appeal or a fresh application to ensure all deficiencies are corrected and new evidence is included.
Section summary: These FAQs cover key practical issues for spouse visa applicants, including eligibility, costs, supporting evidence and next steps after refusal. While the rules are clear, successful applications depend on accurate documentation and compliance with the Immigration Rules at every stage.
Section J: Glossary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Appendix FM | The section of the UK Immigration Rules setting out the eligibility and evidential requirements for family members, including partners, parents and children of British citizens or settled persons. |
| Appendix FM-SE | The section of the Immigration Rules specifying the exact forms of evidence required to prove financial eligibility under Appendix FM, including payslips, bank statements and employer letters. |
| eVisa | A digital immigration status record introduced by UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) to replace physical Biometric Residence Permits (BRPs) from 2025 onwards. It is accessed via an online UKVI account. |
| Financial Requirement | The minimum income threshold that must be met by a sponsor or couple to qualify under the spouse visa route. The amount varies depending on when the application is made and whether it includes children. |
| Fiancé(e) Visa | A visa allowing a person to come to the UK for up to six months to marry or enter a civil partnership with a British citizen or settled person, after which they must apply for a spouse visa from within the UK. |
| Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) | Permanent permission to live and work in the UK without time restrictions. Also known as “settlement”, it is normally granted after five years on the spouse visa route. |
| Priority Service | An optional paid Home Office service designed to expedite visa decisions. Typically aims to provide a decision within five working days for in-country applications or 30 working days for overseas applications. |
| Super Priority Service | A premium Home Office service offering a decision by the next working day after biometrics, available for certain applications for an additional fee. |
| Public Funds | UK government welfare benefits, such as Universal Credit or Housing Benefit, which most visa holders are prohibited from accessing. |
| Settlement | The process of obtaining Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR), granting the right to live permanently in the UK without immigration restrictions. |
| Spouse Visa | A visa granted to the husband, wife or civil partner of a British citizen or settled person under Appendix FM, enabling the couple to live together in the UK and leading to ILR after five years. |
| UKVI | UK Visas and Immigration, the Home Office division responsible for managing visa and immigration applications, sponsor licensing and enforcement. |
| Vignette | A visa sticker placed inside the applicant’s passport confirming visa type, validity dates and entry conditions. It is issued for short-term entry and linked to the applicant’s digital eVisa status. |
Section summary: This glossary explains key immigration terms used in the spouse visa process, helping applicants understand the terminology that appears throughout UK Visas and Immigration guidance and correspondence.
Useful Links
| Resource | Description |
|---|---|
| GOV.UK – Apply for a Family Visa (Partner or Spouse) | Official Home Office page for applying for a UK spouse or partner visa under Appendix FM. |
| GOV.UK – Immigration Health Surcharge | Information on IHS fees, exemptions, and how to pay during the visa application process. |
| GOV.UK – Appendix FM: Family Members | The section of the Immigration Rules that governs spouse, partner, parent and child visa applications. |
| GOV.UK – Appendix FM-SE: Specified Evidence | Guidance outlining the precise documentation requirements to meet the financial and eligibility criteria under Appendix FM. |
| GOV.UK – English Language Requirement | Details of the approved Secure English Language Test (SELT) providers and exemption categories. |
| GOV.UK – Indefinite Leave to Remain | Official guidance on applying for ILR after holding a spouse or partner visa for five years. |
| Xpats.io – Spouse Visa UK Guide | Comprehensive legal and procedural guide to the UK spouse visa route, including eligibility, process, fees and supporting evidence. |
| Xpats.io – Spouse Visa Extension After 2.5 Years | Detailed explanation of the spouse visa extension process and the transition to ILR eligibility under the five-year route. |
| DavidsonMorris – Spouse Visa UK | Comprehensive legal guide explaining how to prepare and submit a UK spouse visa application in line with the Immigration Rules, including eligibility, process and supporting evidence. |
Section summary: These links provide authoritative and practical resources on the UK spouse visa process, combining official Home Office guidance with expert legal commentary. They cover every stage of the route from application and extension to settlement.
